The 2013 My Number law introduced a unique 12-digit number for all long-term residents used to access unified social welfare services and taxation purposes. Are individuals subject to extralegal intimidation or physical violence by state authorities or any other actor in relation to their online activities? Ahead of the Okinawa gubernatorial election in September 2018, misinformation again spread online.4 Increasingly, however, if we want to find direct government censorship of speech, we don't have to travel far. Japan tends to censor some stuff like decapitations and gore. The bill allows users to download image-based material or certain forms of academic content that is meant for private use.6 The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has governed almost continuously since 1955, with stints in opposition from 1993 to 1994 and 2009 to 2012. The 2014 state secrets law, which covers national security issues, may make surveillance abuses harder to document (see C1 and C2). An earlier Intercept report from 2017 analyzed leaked documents that suggested Japanese police and intelligence agencies were involved in in regional surveillance operations managed by the US National Security Agency (NSA). In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 However, there is some criticism that the ongoing price war has prevented smaller companies from entering the market.4 Every country has, at one time or another, been guilty of grievous acts of censorship. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management ("GR No.22/2021"). Does state surveillance of internet activities infringe on users right to privacy? The reporting claimed that the government deployed a clandestine online surveillance program, dubbed MALLARD, to observe communications passing between satellites.16 The number of interceptions has more than doubled from the previous year, partly due to the introduction of new procedures that allow the police to wiretap individuals without witnesses from telecommunication companies.11, The wiretap law was controversial when it passed, in part due to the authorities periodic abuse of surveillance powers.12 Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. In March 2020, the government approved a revision of the Copyright Act, making it illegal to download manga, magazines, and academic publications, in addition to music and videos including in the previous version, without the copyright holders permission. The China . Historically, Japans internet connections were forged through cooperation among government agencies (including then government-owned NTT), universities, and national research institutions.2. Do conditions impede users ability to mobilize, form communities, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues? Japan's parliament enacted the proposed revised copyright law on Friday to expand the law to punish those who knowingly download illegally uploaded or pirated manga, magazines, and academic works . At the same time, the actions depicted onscreen, and the wider themes of the story, are entirely free of any restrictions. Under the law, all online dating services must register with the police, verify their customers ages with a drivers license or credit card, and delete or block content that appears to involve someone under 18; most services voluntarily monitor messages in real time to ensure compliance. The future being, oh, around the year. : spring pictures) that are banned in present-day Japan and were printed and published in the USA. According to the Inclusive Internet Index 2021 report, Japan ranks 12th out of 100 countries surveyed for affordability, defined by cost of access relative to income and the level of competition in the internet market.1 However, some digital activities require separate registration. Scientifically speaking, it depends on how the original censorship mosaic . In April 2021, a bill was unanimously passed and enacted in the Diet which amends the Provider Liability Limitation Act to make it easier to identify users who allegedly slander people on the internet. Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. In the United States, codified law can be found at all jurisdictional levels, and may control the outcome of a dispute. Rakuten, in an effort to gain a competitive edge, launched cheaper plans in April 2021 compared to those offered by the other three mobile service providers. In June 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed a legal challenge to the police practice of monitoring places of worship and other venues used by members of the Muslim community. Some companies cooperate with investigative authorities by turning over their users' data without receiving a court order. This code sets the age of consent for sexual activity at 13 for girls and 14 for boys, and it has remained unchanged since then. Blogs have a significant impact on public opinion, and several independent journalists are becoming influential through personal or commercial websites and social media accounts. the change was expected to allow tourists who were supposed to visit Japan during the 2020 Summer Olympics to more easily access mobile services.10. Under the Act on the Protection of Specially Designated Secrets, intentional leaks can draw penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment, while unintentional leaks can be punished with up to two years in prison. However, the LDP ultimately decided not to submit a bill on LGBT+ equality due to strong opposition by some conservative lawmakers.8, In early 2019, users rallied behind a Tokyo Shimbun reporter who was targeted by the government. Since today we are discussing censorship, I thought it would be appropriate to show two books of Japanese early nineteenth-century shunga (lit. Some Japanese security agencies may have equipment enabling the blanket collection and monitoring of communications data, though it is unclear how such technology has been used, what laws govern its employment, and what, if any, safeguards there are. Acknowledging that "one might think this is simply conjecture by the ACE Economic Research Center," Yasuda then cited five specific Western-oriented changes he believed were instrumental in contributing to the brand's slow march towards self-destruction: 1. A 2016 law outlined measures that authorities could take to educate the public about hate speech, while also combating such speech when directed against people of overseas origin and their descendants.4 Overseen by government officials rather than an independent body, it offers no protection for whistleblowers who reveal wrongdoing.3. Does the online information landscape lack diversity and reliability? Individuals can generally use the internet anonymously in Japan. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGHM) announced that it was the target of about 5.3 million ransomware attacks in 2020, compared to 1.2 million incidents in 2019, though they reported that sensitive research and personal information was not compromised during these attacks.12. In May 2021, Aren Hachimura, the younger brother of NBA basketball player Rui Hachimura, received racist messages over SNS. There are few obstacles to internet access, no blocks on websites, and the legal framework provides strong protections for various forms of expression. Some tabloid newspapers and online news outlets have reportedly harassed journalists who disagreed with the government more broadly.4, Women also continue to face targeted online harassment. Some companies offer free Wi-Fi, including the private company Wire and Wireless (Wi2), part of the KDDI group, which provides free internet access in restaurants, coffee shops, and train stations; registration requires an email address.6 The constitutional right to secrecy of communications is also protected under telecommunications laws.2 Though exceptional, such incidents still exert a chilling effect on Japanese online expression. In February 2021, weekly news magazine Shukan Bunshun reported that NTT's president and other executives had repeatedly treated officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, including Deputy Director General Yasuhiko Taniwaki, to lavish dinners.6 In response, hashtags such as Tokyo Shimbun reporter restricted from asking questions, toward a country where we can freely ask questions, and we have the right to know trended on Twitter.9 Google reported 145 requests for user data between January and June 2020 and produced some data in 83 percent of cases.16 2, A 2003 law protects personal information collected electronically by private and public-sector organizations when it consists of more than 5,000 records.3 This law doesn't make any sense and it just have the opposite effect. Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan is to prevent the distribution and sale of of indecent material, and its current interpretation includes pornography. Social Media Platforms; Prohibiting a social media platform from willfully deplatforming a candidate; providing requirements for public contracts and economic incentives related to entities that have been convicted or held civilly liable for antitrust violations; providing that social media platforms that fail to comply with specified A new player, e-commerce company Rakuten, which seeks to become Japans fourth major mobile service provider, launched its mobile service in April 2020.2. In March 2019, the Yokohama District Court acquitted one defendant, ruling that the cryptocurrency mining program did not constitute a virus.6 In 2016, Makoto Sakurai, a personality known for anti-Korean rhetoric, opened a channel on online television station AbemaTV; a rush of online criticism followed, and the channel was deleted.4, Social media platforms occasionally restrict content at the governments request. These rights are generally upheld in practice, though some social and legal constraints exist, and several laws have negative implications for free speech. In contrast, when private individuals or groups organize boycotts against stores that sell magazines of which they disapprove, their actions are protected by the First Amendment, although they can become dangerous in the extreme. Explicit images of genitalia are forbidden in Japan . Access is well distributed across the population, though access is less common among the elderly.4 Washington, DC 20036, Scores are based on a scale of 0 (least free) to 100 (most free). In November 2018, the amended Telecommunications Business Act and the Act on the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) came into effect.3 In February of that year, the Cabinet Office reportedly sent a letter demanding that the reporter be restricted from asking questions at press events. In May 2018, public broadcaster NHK and the Intercept reported on the activities of the Directorate for Signals Intelligence (DFS), a spy agency that monitors and analyzes electronic communications.15 In June 2019, the movements organizer, actress and freelance writer Ishikawa Yumi, submitted an online petition, which then bore almost 20,000 signatures, to the Health Ministry calling for an end to the requirement.4 Kisha clubs provide essential access to officials in Japan, but they have been accused of denying such access to young journalists and new media outlets; the system may also limit some reporters access to certain locations, such as areas affected by the 2011 Fukushima disaster. According to Article 23(1) of Japan's Public Housing Law, it only applies to married and unmarried different-sex couples. In a 2008 report by the UN Human Rights Committee, they expressed concern about discrimination against LGBT people in several areas, including housing. The provider notifies the individual who posted the content and fulfills the request with the posters permissionor without it if the individual fails to respond. GR No. For ISPs to block particular websites, they must monitor their customers' online activity to determine whether they are accessing the sites in question, which could violate the constitutional right to secrecy of communications.1 In addition, individuals who knowingly receive secrets from an administrative organ risk up to five years imprisonment if the disclosures are found to be intentional, and one year for disclosures made through negligence.1 We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! Individuals who are half-black and half-Japanese, continue to face racism online. In June 2021, after the coverage period, the Fukuoka District Court sentenced Romi Hoshino to three years in prison and a fine of 10 million ($90,692) for allegedly operating the manga piracy website, Mangamura (see B1). politicians who violate the existing restrictions face a potential fine of 300,000 ($2,720) or one year in prison; imprisonment would strip perpetrators of their right to vote or run for office. Censorship by the government is unconstitutional. If the poster refuses permission, the service provider is authorized to assess the complaint and act on it if it is deemed legitimate. Japanese and American Legal Systems. The law gives a range of officials the discretion to indefinitely restrict public information pertaining to national security.2 NTT, formerly a state monopoly, was privatized in 1985 and reorganized in 1999 under a law promoting functional separation between the companys mobile, fixed-line telephone, and internet services.5 Does the government place restrictions on anonymous communication or encryption? Weibo, China's answer to Twitter, has long been a prime target for stringent online censorship thanks to its broad audience base and ability to help influence public opinion. censorship - The Japan Times censorship Asia Pacific Jul 25, 2021 One month since closing of Apple Daily, concern over Hong Kong free press lingers by Caroline Tam Apple Daily's closure and. The server is misbehaving. With this, they brought an end to his nine-month spree of destruction. The law did not actually ban or penalize hate speech, leading some critics to argue that it would be ineffective.6 Are there economic or regulatory constraints that negatively affect users ability to publish content online? In a 2015 lawsuit, the Tokyo High Court ordered Yahoo Japan to delete 11 search results that linked a mans name to criminal behavior. Today, however, this concept is, in our view, distorted and fought against. Do national regulatory bodies that oversee service providers and digital technology fail to operate in a free, fair, and independent manner? Article 3. In March 2020, Japanese central bank Sumitomo Mitsui abolished the official dress code,5 In 2021, authorities fined Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, Google, TikTok, and other internet companies a total of at least 187 million RUB (US$2.5 million) over failures to take down supposedly. YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and international blog-hosting services are freely available, as are popular local platforms like Niconico, the video-sharing site, and LINE, a chat application that was launched in Japan in 2011. alerts & publications Amended Japan Privacy Law Will Come into Effect in April 2022 November 16, 2021 Tokyo was O'Melveny's first international expansion destination, and we have offered robust Japan related Corporate and Dispute Resolution services for our clients for more than 30 years. Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 COVID-19 patients and individuals who allegedly tested positive for the virus also faced harassment on social media.2. A 2012 legal revision targeting copyright violators applies to any internet users who download content they know has been illegally copied, as opposed to just those engaged in piracy for commercial gain.3 Specifically, the government will consolidate personal information among local government and central government servers, and will link personal data to individuals unique 12-digit numbers.9, During the drafting process, it became clear that the government's priority was to effectively manage internet users information rather than to protect personal data.10 creator Ken Akamatsu has decided to walk the walk and change Japanese censorship laws by running for office. Are websites, governmental and private entities, service providers, or individual users subject to widespread hacking and other forms of cyberattack? Does monitoring and collection of user data by service providers and other technology companies infringe on users right to privacy? However, recent developments in Japan have raised serious concerns about increased surveillance, including reports of opaque surveillance operations and the approval of a conspiracy law that may allow police to seek wiretap warrants in a wider range of circumstances. Published Dec 29, 2021 Negima!? Share Share. If a device is successfully hacked, its owner will be advised to strengthen security measures, for instance by making their passwords more complex. The man originally argued that he was defamed by false information.15, The Internet Hotline Center (IHC), operated through the SIA as part of a contract with the National Police Agency (NPA), cooperates with ISPs to solicit reports of illegal or harmful content from the public.16 No third party can do so. Are individuals penalized for online activities, particularly those that are protected under international human rights standards? However, several cases of online harassment were documented during the coverage period. In February 2020, the Defense Ministry reported that some sensitive information may have been leaked as the result of the Mitsubishi breach.8 Mosaics cover genitalia. (Kotaku also says that Japanese porn is painstakingly censored by hand, earning the highly skilled laborers $15 per hour.) Abe was . A week after the petition launched, it was revealed that Mori would resign as the head of the Olympic Organizing Committee.3, Women in Japan have also mobilized online through the #KuToo movement, which opposes a requirement that women wear high heels in the workplace. Censorship can be a constant factor, or it can be enacted during emergencies (or particular . Besides benefiting Japanese consumers,9 It is unclear whether and to what extent domestic users have been caught up in the program. Japans antistalking law, originally enacted in 2000, was revised in 2013 to address email harassment, and further revised in 2016 to penalize repeated blog posts or messages on social networking services.15. The East Asia Summit which includes the 10 ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States issued several statements in 2021, including one on Women, Peace, and Security, noting the importance of women's roles to addressing root causes of terrorism. The group essentially serves as an online public relations effort for the LDP, though its rules make clear that members are responsible for their own social media posts. Hana Kimura was subject to harassment, primarily because of her gender, after she appeared on the reality television show "Terrace House. In May 2020, Kimura committed suicide. Changes to broadcasting laws in 1950 prohibited the government from direct interference with programmingthough its board of governors is still appointed by the prime minister and its budget approved by the Dietand permitted the establishment of private commercial broadcasting stations. and Japan Airlines changed its dress code, allowing female flight attendants to wear pants and flat shoes.6, Four civil society organizations, J-ALL, Athlete Ally, All Out, and Human Rights Watch jointly called for online signatures for a petition calling for the government to adopt legislation that protects members of the LGBT+ community from discrimination; the petition, which was submitted to the LDP in March 2021, had over 40,000 signatures from Japanese individuals.7 The Act on the Protection of Specially Designated Secrets came into force in 2014, despite objections from the opposition, civil society, and protesters. Increasing smartphone use has made the mobile market more competitive and resulted in improved pricing options, although the cost of service can otherwise be quite high. In 2007, the MIC ordered mobile service providers to install filtering software that would enable parents to control the content seen by their children. In 2017, several municipalities asked for a clearer definition of hate speech under the law.7 However, in February 2020, he was convicted and received a 100,000 ($906) fine, after the Tokyo High Court overturned the acquittal.7 In 2017, the Japanese video website Niconico took down two videos posted from an internet protocol (IP) address in Osaka after municipal officials flagged them for violating a local ordinance regulating hate speech.3 Some self-regulatory bodies also manage content and other issues. Individuals can be sentenced to up to three years in prison or fines of up to 500,000 ($4,534). There is also a degree of self-censorship concerning human rights problems, in some cases linked to instances of apparent political pressure.2, Progovernment online commentators are prevalent across Japan. China. These included interactive maps to share public information about disaster relief,1 Authorities have used the law to convict the operators of manga piracy site Mangamura (see C2 and C3). Are online sources of information controlled or manipulated by the government or other powerful actors to advance a particular political interest? The amendments are set to come into effect in 2022.1, In May 2021, the government launched an investigation into the data management polices of LINE, a messaging application with servers based in Japan, after a report revealed that Chinese engineers had accessed LINEs data without the companys knowledge. Cyberattacks occasionally target civil society and private companies, although none were reported during the coverage period. The brothers father is from West Africa. In June 2020, the founder of news site Independent Web Journal, Yasumi Iwakami, had his appeal dismissed regarding a fine he was required to pay for allegedly defaming former Osaka prefectural governor, Toru Hashimoto. Arbitrariness And Censorship Are Back In The West Written by Thierry MEYSSAN on 02/01/2021 When we founded the Voltaire Network in 1994, our first concern was to defend freedom of expression in France, and then around the world. No citizens faced politically motivated arrest or prosecution for their online activity during the coverage period. Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . I know they sold 2 different versions of RE games at least, a more censored version and a less censored version for adults. The court stated that removal of information can be demanded only when privacy protection concerns clearly outweigh the publics interest in the disclosure of information online.12 Amid rising concerns over misinformation online - including surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, especially vaccines - Americans are now a bit more open to the idea of the U.S. government taking steps to restrict false information online.And a majority of the public continues to favor technology companies taking such action, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. Internet freedom continued to improve in Japan during this reporting period. The city has considered measures to deal with online hate speech, but did not implement a specific ordinance to address this activity. Under voluntary guidelines drafted by four ISPs in 2005, service providers automatically inform police of internet users identified on websites that endorse suicide, and comply with law enforcement requests for information related to acts of self-harm.13 Effective at both the local and the wider themes of the story, entirely! Or any japanese censorship laws change 2021 actor in relation to their online activities government or other powerful actors to advance particular! Codified law can be found at all jurisdictional levels, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues,... For adults any other actor in relation to their online activities, particularly those that are in... To extralegal intimidation or physical violence by state authorities or any other in! And act on it if it is unclear whether and to what extent domestic users have been caught up the., fair, and independent manner anonymously in Japan has been highly effective at both the local the. 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