which of the following describes situational communication competence

Learning to read in a second language may be hindered or enhanced by students levels of literacy in their native languages. According the the text, communication competence MUST be both Pike, K.L. The nonverbal messages we encode also help us express our identities and play into impression management, which as we learned in Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication Studies is a key part of communicating to achieve identity goals. Try to compare observed nonverbal cues to a persons typical or baseline nonverbal behavior to help avoid misinterpretation. x Chapter 1 Quiz.docx - A high-context culture is one in The common thread connecting all of these behaviors and situations is. Getting integrated: As was indicated earlier, research shows that instruction in nonverbal communication can lead people to make gains in their nonverbal communication competence. However, when I do mess up, I almost always make a mental note and reflect on it. MGMT 371 CHAPTER 19 (FINAL) Flashcards | Quizlet Why or why not? While you should feel free to read ahead to that chapter, you can also manage your anxiety by following some of the following tips. Also realize that the norms and expectations for sending nonverbal messages, especially touch and personal space, vary widely between relational and professional contexts. When assessing the proficiency levels of ELLs, it is important to take into account an individual students performances in each domain. Illustrators make our verbal communication more engaging. Finally, being proficient in a language requires skill in using appropriately the four language domainslistening, speaking, reading, and writingfor a variety of purposes, in a variety of situations, with a variety of audiences. Getting integrated: Evaluate your speaking and listening competencies based on the list generated by the NCA. Since looking away also signals cognitive activity, they may be processing information, and you may need to pause and ask if they need a second to think or if they need you to repeat or explain anything more. It was becoming overwhelming to try to fit all of the different and sometimes conflicting objectives together into a coherent lesson. People can develop cognitive competence by observing and evaluating the actions of . communicate in English in new or unfamiliar settings. The counterculture's rejection of the social and economic values of their parent's generation c. The persistence of poverty as a national problem despite an overall affluence d. The baby boom. 3 (2009): 260. Pride, & J. Holmes (Eds. Mirroring is largely innate and subconscious, but we can more consciously use it and a variety of other nonverbal signals, like the immediacy behaviors we discussed earlier, to help create social bonds and mutual liking. Although we touch others on the arm or shoulder with our hand, it is often too intimate to touch your hand to another persons hand in a professional or social/casual setting. In regards to competence, we all have areas where we are skilled and areas where we have deficiencies. For example, we are explicitly taught the verbal codes we use to communicate. Asking these questions helps employers better understand your thought process and assess your problem-solving, self-management and communication skills. a. Vertical integration describes a situation in which a firm enters into activities where it is its own supplier and/or customer. In secondary and public territories, look for informal markers such as drinks, books, or jackets and be respectful of them when possible. Aside from nonverbal cues, also listen for inconsistencies in or contradictions between statements, which can also be used to tell when others are being deceptive. In terms of physiology, age, maturity, and ability to communicate affect competence. Copyright 2003 by the International Reading Association. Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various cultural contexts. Students who have strong reading foundations in their first languages bring with them literacy skills that can typically be transferred to the process of learning to read in English. 3978. These diverse needs made lesson planning challenging, but his ELL kids were counting on him to find a way to communicate with them. 1 (2000): 105. These signals appear and increase because we are conflicted about the act of deception, since we are conditioned to believe that being honest is better than lying, we are afraid of getting caught and punished, and we are motivated to succeed with the act of deceptionin essence, to get away with it. Oxford: Oxford University Press. may understand and use some specialized academic vocabulary. Be aware of discrepancies between facial expressions and other nonverbal gestures and verbal communication. A) nontraditional media. Kevin Trotman You Lie! Poor Teamwork in the Medical Office, View the following video describing good situational monitoring strategies. Which of the following is the goal of Alexia's communication with Mrs. Philips? Situational Leadership is a style of leadership where leaders consider the readiness level of the team members they serve and the uniqueness of every situation. The first part of the definition we will unpack deals with knowledge. Gestures. This program is called TeamSTEPPS. Communication competence is needed in order to understand communication ethics, to develop cultural awareness, to use computer-mediated communication, and to think critically. Quintillian. I did look at several websites, but I didnt directly quote anything so I didnt think I needed to put the citations in parentheses. As he says this, he rubs the back of his neck and then scratches his face and only makes minimal eye contact with the professor. To help colleges and universities develop curriculum and instruction strategies to prepare students, the NCA has defined what students should be able to do in terms of speaking and listening competencies by the time they graduate from college: These are just some of the competencies the NCA identified as important for college graduates. Communication is not only about oral and written language. Our tendency to assume that people are telling us the truth can also lead to negative results. c. a conscious decision to invest time and energy in improving our communication with others. TESOLs five preK12 English language proficiency standards (see Figure 2.2) can guide teachers in helping ELs become proficient in English while, at the same time, achieving in the content areas. People can intentionally use facial expressions to try to deceive, and there are five primary ways that this may occur. Click the card to flip . Typical Stages in the Acquisition of Negation, Linguistic Features Acquired in the Early Stages, -ing verb ending Sandi is playing ball., active sentences Ronaldo built a big tower with blocks., Linguistic Features Acquired in the Later Stages, -/s/ third person singular Sasha plays with Leia., passive voice A big tower with blocks was built by Lorca.. Educating ELLs includes not only focusing on language learning but also on building on students native languages, cultures, and experiences. In response to both of these comments, I say, Just because I know the concepts and definitions doesnt mean I always put them to good use. Describe situational monitoring techniques. The Science of Ethical Missteps | icma.org Communication apprehension and public speaking anxiety are common but can be managed productively. Human symbolic interaction. Changing our nonverbal signals can affect our thoughts and emotions. Communications Chapter 1 Quiz. respond nonverbally to simple commands, statements, and questions. Students are most successful constructing meaning from texts for which they have background knowledge on which to build. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Think of a person you know who you think possesses a high level of communication competence. Some of these reactions are visible, such as increased movements, and some are audible, such as changes in voice pitch, volume, or rate. When you reach the stage of unconscious competence, you just communicate successfully without straining to be competent. encounter more difficulty with grade-level literacy than with oral language. understand phrases and short sentences using familiar vocabulary. How can you see this concept applying to your life? New York and London: Routledge. Although my dad and I didnt realize we were doing it, our subconscious mirroring was obviously noticeable to others. As is stressed in Chapter 2 Communication and Perception, first impressions matter. Nervous communicators may have distracting mannerisms in the form of adaptors that you will likely need to tune out in order to focus more on other verbal and nonverbal cues. Being a higher self-monitor can help you catch nonverbal signals that might signal that you arent listening, at which point you could consciously switch to more active listening signals. Although close friends, family, and relational partners can sometimes be an exception, interrupting is generally considered rude and should be avoided. After watching the video, consider the following: View the following video, Good Teamwork in the Medical Office, describing good communication strategies. This is where you know what you should be doing, and you realize that youre not doing it as well as you could. Fill each blank with the lesson word that best fits the meaning of the sentence. Select the most appropriate and effective medium for communicating. 4.3 Nonverbal Communication Competence. To improve your competence encoding nonverbal messages, increase your awareness of the messages you are sending and receiving and the contexts in which your communication is taking place. Although people rely on nonverbal communication more than verbal to determine whether or not a person is being deceptive, there is no set profile of deceptive behaviors that you can use to create your own nonverbally based lie detector. The student scratches his head and says, What do you mean? Contextual roles for getting and keeping the floor, turn taking, and the way in which children converse with adults are only a few examples. Take deep breaths. Public speaking anxiety is a form of CA that more specifically focuses on anxiety about giving a public presentation. Despite the fact that no guidelines for or definitions of competence will be applicable in all situations, the National Communication Association (NCA) has identified many aspects of competence related to communication. Multiple Choice Quiz. However, this information provides an incomplete and misleading picture of Faridahs needs and abilities. I recommend that people doing phone interviews or speaking on the radio make an effort to gesture as they speak, even though people cant see the gestures, because it will make their words sound more engaging. For a study on translanguaging in a third grade classroom, read Translanguaging and Protected Spaces in a Dual Language Classroom: Tensions Across Restrictionist Policies and Unrestricted Practice by Kristen Pratt & Gisela Ernst-Slavit (in press). Eye contact is useful for initiating and regulating conversations. How can I possibly teach all of this? Given that deception is so widespread and common, it is estimated that we actually only detect about half the lies that we are told, meaning we all operate on false information without even being aware of it. People may show feelings that they do not actually have, show a higher intensity of feelings than they actually have, try to show no feelings, try to show less feeling than they actually have, or mask one feeling with another. I dont know whats the problem; its something with his heart. The longer you stand like that, the more frustrated and defensive you will become, because that nonverbal cluster reinforces and heightens your feelings. Answered: The following statements are about | bartleby Avoid overly aggressive touch, especially when disguised as playful touch (e.g., horseplay taken too far). use selected simple structures correctly but still systematically make basic errors. English learners process, interpret, and evaluate written words, symbols, and other visual cues used in texts to convey meaning. Additionally, CA can lead others to make assumptions about your communication competence that may be unfavorable. the receiver provides feedback. As this example shows, these individual differences can increase the ambiguity of nonverbal communication, but when observed over a period of time, they can actually help us generate meaning. However, as your skills increase you may advance to conscious competence, meaning that you know you are communicating well in the moment, which will add to your bank of experiences to draw from in future interactions. have occasional difficulty with complex structures and abstract academic concepts. Understanding the different demands of each language domain aids educators in addressing the language learning needs of their ELLs. Richard Nordquist Updated on May 26, 2019 The term communicative competence refers to both the tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively. In C. Williams, G. Lewis, and C. Baker (Eds. One way for students to obtain sufficient amounts of written input is through pleasure reading, whether in L1 or L2. After a book has been read and discussed in the L2, students can use the L1 version to write about the topic, review issues discussed, or further their understanding. b. involves conflict. Minimize distractions by moving a clock, closing a door, or closing window blinds to help minimize distractions that may lure your eye contact away. In: Egbert, J. E) nonverbal forms of communication. And now youre starting to do the same thing, which is to notice and reflect on your communication more. Even though verbal communication is most often used to interrupt another person, interruptions are still studied as a part of chronemics because it interferes with another persons talk time. Developing communication competence can bring many rewards, but it also requires time and effort. The above example of translanguaging in action depicts a family using their many linguistic resources in their everyday lives. The SLII model is divided into two parts: d. Leadership style and follower development level 6. Pike (1982), notes that [l]anguage is not merely a set of unrelated sounds, clauses, rules, and meanings; it is a total coherent system of these integrating with each other, and with behavior, context, universe of discourse, and observer perspective (p. 44). The third part of the definition we will unpack is ability to adapt to various contexts. For example, Level 1 or Level 2 English language learners can still analyze and classify information if it is presented in small chunks and supported visually. Understanding Culture and Language in Education. Last summer, during a backyard game of corn hole with my family, my mom and sister were standing at the other board and kept whispering to each other and laughing at my dad and me. When someone is avoiding eye contact, dont immediately assume they are not listening or are hiding something, especially if you are conveying complex or surprising information. (1982). Although pets and children are often granted more leeway to breach other peoples space, since they are still learning social norms and rules, as a pet owner, parent, or temporary caretaker, be aware of this possibility and try to prevent such breaches or correct them when they occur. a. the successful performance of a communication behavior. ELLs may come with writing styles and usages that are influenced by their home cultures. Increasing our awareness of the multiple channels through which we send nonverbal cues can help us make our signals more congruent in the moment. Think of a time when a friend had a baby and you are sharing the news with a mutual friend. What can Rudi reasonably expect Faridah to understand and do in his ancient history class? may have difficulty understanding and using some idioms, figures of speech, and words with multiple meanings. Discuss strategies for developing communication competence. Out of the skills listed, which ones are you more competent in and less competent in? Communication in the Real World by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (2006). Think of a time when your car didnt start and needed to get into work. produce texts that approximate the writing the structures, vocabulary, and overall organization of native speakers of English. I teach history! While learners follow a similar route in learning a second language, the rate in which they acquire the target language varies depending on a variety of linguistic, sociocultural, and cognitive factors. For each of the following scenarios, note (1) what behaviors may indicate deception, (2) alternative explanations for the behaviors (aside from deception), and (3) questions you could ask to get more information before making a judgment. People with nonverbal encoding competence are typically more in control of conversations. Kern (2000) developed a broad conceptual framework for understanding language proficiency that includes three dimensions of academic literacy: linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural. Communication apprehension (CA) refers to fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to real or imagined communication with another person or persons. Q. Translanguaging. Public speaking anxiety is common, so dont ignore itconfront it. For example, a posture may be combined with a touch or eye behavior to create what is called a nonverbal cluster (Pease & Pease, 2004). To understand how chronemics relates to nonverbal communication norms, answer the following questions: In what situations is it important to be early? Part of being a good listener involves nonverbal-encoding competence, as nonverbal feedback in the form of head nods, eye contact, and posture can signal that a listener is paying attention and the speakers message is received and understood. This regulating function can be useful in initial encounters when we are trying to learn more about another person and in situations where status differentials are present or compliance gaining or dominance are goals. Regarding the previous examples, we will learn more about paraphrasing in Chapter 5 Listening, conflict management in Chapter 6 Interpersonal Communication Processes, and deception in Chapter 4 Nonverbal Communication. texts still containing a considerable number of unconventional features. Polygraph machines, or lie detectors, work on the principle that the presence of signs of arousal is a reliable indicator of deception in situations where other factors that would also evoke such signals are absent. Many names are available with audio files by native speakers. In general, people who are more expressive are better deceivers and people who are typically anxious are not good liars. Furthermore, 70 percent of college students experience some trait CA, which means that addressing communication anxiety in a class like the one youre taking now stands to benefit the majority of students (Priem & Solomon, 2009). And then there is grandpa, watching a Bollywood movie in Urdu that includes regional variants such as Gujarati and Punjabi (p. 10). During my years as a restaurant server I got pretty good at knowing what tables to engage with and schmooze a little more to get a better tip. You would likely be able to offer some descriptors of how a person would look and act from the following categories: a goth person, a prep, a jock, a fashionista, a hipster. As you build a repertoire of communication knowledge based on your experiential and classroom knowledge, you will also be developing behavioral competence. Mirroring sends implicit messages to others that say, Look! Is the correct word order I the dog see or I see the dog? Being nonverbally expressive during initial interactions usually leads to more favorable impressions. How do I know what attitude another person is expressing? How do I know when Ive misunderstood someone or when someone has misunderstood me? Why is verbal communication often the most effective way to communication? speak in simple sentences that are comprehensible and appropriate but are frequently marked by grammatical errors. Figure out what your common adaptors are and monitor them so you can avoid creating unfavorable impressions.